Sodium hyaluronate is a derivative, the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid. Sodium hyaluronate and hyaluronic acid share the same benefits including the ability to attract and hold water up to 1,000 times their weight. However, sodium hyaluronate has a better skin absorption than hyaluronic acid.

Frankincense essential oil is often used in skincare for its rejuvenating effects. Clinical studies showed that frankincense essential oil has various skin benefits, from preventing skin inflammation, UVB-induced photoageing, melanoma skin cancer to speeding up the wound healing and skin cell turnover.

Panthenol is pro-vitamin B5 commonly used in skincare as a hydrating and soothing agent. When it is applied to the skin, panthenol gets converted to pantothenic acid (vitamin B5). Panthenol significantly improves skin's moisture content, elasticity, smoothness, firmness and volume. It also reduces wrinkles and lines.

Peptides are amino acids, the building blocks of all skin proteins including collagen, elastin and others that give skin its structure, strength, elasticity and resilience. In skincare, peptides can be used to reverse signs of ageing by restoring skin's firmness, volume, bounciness, suppleness and smoothness.

Collagen peptides are short chains of 2 to 50 amino acids linked by covalent bonds and act as the building blocks of collagen, the major skin component which provides structural integrity, support and strength. In skincare, collagen peptides are mainly used to restore the skin's collagen levels and lift up the skin.